International Journal of Innovations in Business

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Author Guidelines

Please format your paper / abstract according to the guidelines given on this page. These guidelines follow the American Marketing Association style guides and the Harvard Referencing.

FORMATTING YOUR PAPER/ABSTRACT

File Types: Word (except Word 2007) or RTF. (No PDFs please.)
Font: 12 point, Times New Roman (unless otherwise stated).
Text [Including references]: Double-spaced, justified
Page Layout: 1-inch margins on all sides with page numbers in the upper right corner and no header/footer
Page Maximum: 30 pages, properly formatted and inclusive of title, abstract, keywords, text, references, graphics, and footnotes.

MANUSCRIPT COMPONENTS

Title
The title should not exceed 25 words. Do not use all capital letters in the title. Initial caps, centered, lower case after colon, font size 36, times new roman.

E.g.

Customer loyalty: the future of hospitality marketing

Authors
Time new roman, bold, font size 20, centered. Use a coma (,) to separate the names of authors. use alphabets as footnote symbols a, b, c, …., Superscript, separated by comma

E.g.

Stowe Shoemakera*, Robert C. Lewisb

Please note that the rest of the paper will be in Times New Roman Font size 12 (unless otherwise specified).

Affiliation

Italic, not bold, affiliation not run on

e.g.

a William F. Harrah College of Hotel Administration, University of Las Vegas, Mail Drop 6021,4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154-6021, USA, E-mail: stowe@university.edu

bDepartment of Finance, George Washington University, Washington DC 42321, USA

cDepartment of Marketing, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3001, Australia

Abstract
The abstract is limited to 175 words and summarizes the key components of the manuscript, offering the reader a sample of the manuscript.

Keywords
Include 4–5 primary keywords that best suit the topic of the manuscript; these do not necessarily need to match the “Topics/Methods” that are selected in Manuscript Central upon submission.

Main Text
Please do not add any headers/footers on each page (other than the page number). Headings are text only (not numbered) and are formatted according to level.

• PRIMARY HEADING: Centered, title-style capitalization (first letter of each word), and bold, with an extra return before and after.
• SECONDARY HEADING: Flush left with title-style capitalization (first letter of each word) and in both boldface and italics. You must have at least two sections beginning with a secondary heading; if there is only one, the heading should be excluded.
• TERTIARY HEADING: Left justified and indented with sentence-style capitalization (first word only) in italics. Punctuate the heading with a period and begin the first line of the same section on the same line. If only one tertiary heading is used, the heading should be excluded.

STYLE CHECKLIST
To make the copyediting process more efficient, we ask that you please make sure your manuscript conforms to the following style points:

• The manuscript does not exceed 30 pages including all tables, figures, and appendixes.
• Text is 12-point font (Times New Roman), double-spaced throughout (including references).
• Provide complete contact information of authors, including present position (i.e., title, department/school affiliation, university, e-mail).
• Abstract should be in 3rd person (“the authors”).
• Sections should not be numbered or referred to as “Section No.” in the text.
• Do not label opening commentary as “Introduction.”
• Please make sure to use the correct heading style. When used, you must have more than one secondary heading per section (e.g., you may have a primary heading and two secondary/tertiary heading, but never a single secondary heading in a subsection).
• Equations set apart from the text need to be numbered (1, 2, etc). In text, refer to your equation as “In Equation 1, we …” not “In (1), we ….”
• Do not italicize equations, Greek characters, R-square, and so forth. Italics are only used on p-values.
• Do not use Equation Editor for simple math functions, Greek characters, etc. Instead, use the Symbol font for special characters.
• Write out et al. to all author names for in-text citations with 3 authors or less (use et al. only for 4 or more authors). Also, spell out all author names in the full reference.
• Do not place tables and figures within the text. Rather, place them sequentially at the end of the text with titles above the tables and figures. Tables and figures must also be provided in their original format.
• No zero before decimal points (e.g., 0.97 should be simply .97).
• Use of footnotes is discouraged. Include all information in the body of the text. If footnotes must be used, please make them short and do not use more than 10 total.
• Include first and last names in all references, unless the initials were used in the original reference. Also include volume, issue (season, month, or date), and full page range for all journal/periodical references. This will reduce query time considerably.

Mathematical Notations
Equations should be centered on the page. If equations are numbered, type the number in parentheses flush with the left margin. Please avoid using Equation Editor for simple in-line mathematical copy, symbols, and equations. Type these in Word instead, using the “Symbol” function when necessary.

References
References begin on their own page and are listed in alphabetical order by the first author’s last name. Only references cited within the text are included. All references should be in 12-point font and double-spaced. We follow the Harvard Referencing Format. Please see this link for more details: http://libweb.anglia.ac.uk/referencing/harvard.htm

Footnotes
Footnotes are to be used sparingly and must be concise. No more than 10 total footnotes should appear in a manuscript. Format footnotes in plain text, with a superscript number appearing in text and the corresponding note after the reference section.

Tables
Each table should be numbered consecutively and have a title. Tables must be numbered in the order in which they are to appear.  An example of a title:   Table 1. The sales trend at Company X

Figures
Each figure should be numbered consecutively. Figures must be numbered in the order in which they are to appear. The term “figure” refers to a variety of material, including line drawings, maps, charts, graphs, diagrams, photos, and Web shots, among others.

Appendix
If Appendixes are provided, they appear on a new page after the figures. Multiple appendixes are labeled with letters (Appendix A, Appendix B). A single appendix is labeled without letters (Appendix). Multiple appendixes must be numbered in the order in which they are to appear.

TABLES/FIGURES
Tables and figures should be titled in such a way that the content is easily understood.

• Tables and figures should have titles that reflect the take-away. For example, “Factors That Impact Ad Recall” or “Inattention Can Increase Brand Switching” are far more effective than “Study 1: Results.”
• Write out variables: Do not use abbreviations for variables, unless they have been defined in the text.
  Be complete. Include descriptive captions or footnotes.
  Label lines in graphs rather than using captions.
• Make exhibits understandable in both color and black and white. The color version can be used in the electronic journal.

Tables

Tables should consist of at least four columns and four rows; otherwise, they should be left as in-text tabulations (do not include headings), or their results should be integrated into the text.

• All tables must be numbered, and their titles should be centered and typed in all caps.
• Designate units (e.g., %, $, n) in column headings.
• Align all decimals; there is no zero before the decimal point in any number (.97).
• Primary headings: All first letters are capitalized. Secondary headings: Only first letter of first word is capitalized.
• Refer to tables in text by number (see Table 1). Avoid using “above” or “below.”
• Asterisks or notes cued by lowercase superscript letters appear at the bottom of the table below the rule. Asterisks are used for p values, and letters are used for data-specific information. Other descriptive information should be labeled as “Notes:” and placed after the letters.
• Tables with text only should be treated in the same manner as tables with numbers (formatted as tables with rows, columns, and individual cells).
• Make sure the necessary measures of statistical significance are reported with the table.
• Do not insert tables in the Word file as pictures. All tables should be editable in Word.

Figures
The term “figure” refers to a variety of material, including line drawings, maps, charts, graphs, diagrams, photos, and Web shots, among others.

• For graphs, label both vertical and horizontal axes. The ordinate label should be centered above the ordinate axis; the abscissa label should be placed beneath the abscissa.
• Place all calibration tics as well as the values outside of the axis lines.
• The figure number and title should be typed on separate lines, centered, and capitalized.
• Refer to figures in text by number (see Figure 1). Avoid using “above” or “below.”
• When preparing gray scale figures, use gray levels between 20% and 80%, with at least 20% difference between the levels of gray. Whenever possible, avoid using patterns of hatching instead of grays to differentiate between areas of a figure. Gray scale files should not contain any color objects.
• If submitting artwork in color, please make sure that the colors you use will work well when converted to gray scale. Use contrasting colors with different tones (i.e., dark blue and dark red will convert into almost identical shades of gray). Don’t use light shades or colors such as yellow against a light background. Also remember that the cost of color printing is borne by the authors.

Technical Appendix
To improve the readability of the manuscript, any mathematical proof or development that is not critical to the exposition of the main part of the text may be placed in a technical appendix.

MATHEMATICAL NOTATION
All technical and quantitative features must be carefully checked for precision.

• Equations should be centered on the page. If equations are numbered, type the number in parentheses flush with the left margin.
• If equations are too wide to fit in a single column (please consult a printed issue of the journal), indicate appropriate breaks.
• Standard deviation is abbreviated as SD, standard error as SE, and Mean as M.
• Do not italicize equations, Greek characters, R-square, and so forth. Italics are only used on p-values.
• Do not place a zero before any decimal points (.97).
• Leave one space on either side of operational signs and signs of relation (M = 4.32, F(1, 139) = 34.65, p < .01).

Please avoid using Equation Editor for simple in-line mathematical copy, symbols, and equations. Type these in Word instead, using the “Symbol” function when necessary. For example, all Greek characters; simple superscripted or subscripted characters; plus, minus, greater than (or equal to)/less than (or equal to), and so forth, can all be inserted by simply typing the characters in Word. For display equations or in-line characters that use multiple levels, stacked super- and subscripts, or any character not available in Word’s “Symbol” menu, use of Equation Editor is appropriate. In addition, please avoid stacking in-line equations. If the equation is difficult, place it as a display rather than in line and number it accordingly.

IN-TEXT REFERENCING

Phillips (1999) says …

OR

(Khan, 2009).

Two authors

McCarthy and Zairi (2000: 69-70) believe ….

OR

(McCarthy and Zairi, 2000).

Three authors

Fisher, Ury and Patton (1991) suggest …

OR

(Fisher, Ury and Patton, 1991: 37).

More than three authors

Hussain et al (2000: 47) state that …

OR

(Hussain et al, 2000)

REFERENCING

Book with one author

Adair, J. (1988) Effective time management: How to save time and spend it wisely, London: Pan Books.

Book with two authors

McCarthy, P. and Hatcher, C. (1996) Speaking persuasively: Making the most of your presentations, Sydney: Allen and Unwin.

Book with three or more authors

Fisher, R., Ury, W. and Patton, B. (1991) Getting to yes: Negotiating an agreement without giving in, 2nd edition, London: Century Business.

Book – second or later edition

Barnes, R. (1995) Successful study for degrees, 2nd edition, London: Routledge.

Book by same author in the same year

Napier, A. (1993a) Fatal storm, Sydney: Allen and Unwin.

Napier, A. (1993b) Survival at sea, Sydney: Allen and Unwin.

Book with an editor

Danaher, P. (ed.) (1998) Beyond the ferris wheel, Rockhampton: CQU Press.

If you have used a chapter in a book written by someone other than the editor

Byrne, J. (1995) ‘Disabilities in tertiary education’, in Rowan, L. and McNamee, J. (ed.) Voices of a Margin, Rockhampton: CQU Press.

Books with an anonymous or unknown author

The University Encyclopedia (1985) London: Roydon.

Journal article

Muller, V. (1994) ‘Trapped in the body: Transsexualism, the law, sexual identity’, The Australian Feminist Law Journal, vol. 3, August, pp. 103-107.

Journal article with both volume and issue number

Muller, V. (1994) ‘Trapped in the body: Transsexualism, the law, sexual identity’, The Australian Feminist Law Journal, vol. 3, no. 2, August, pp. 103-107.

Journal article from CD-ROM, electronic database, or journal

Skargren, E.I. & Oberg, B. (1998) ‘Predictive factors for 1-year outcome of low-back and neck pain in patients treated in primary care: Comparison between the treatment strategies chiropractic and physiotherapy’, Pain [Electronic], vol. 77, no. 2, pp. 201-208, Available: Elsevier/ScienceDirect/ O304-3959(98)00101-8, [8 Feb 2020].

World Wide Web page

Young, C. (2001) English Heritage position statement on the Valletta Convention, [Online], Available: http://www.archaeol.freeuk.com/EHPostionStatement.htm [24 Aug 2020].

Written course material, for example distance learning unit material

Dhann, S. (2001) CAE0001LWR Unit 5: Note taking skills from lectures and readings, Exeter: Department of Lifelong Learning.

OR, IF THE AUTHOR IS UNKNOWN

Department of Lifelong Learning (2001), CAE0001LWR Unit 5: Note taking skills from lectures and readings, Exeter: Author.

(NB – ‘Author’ at the end means that the publisher is the same as the author)

Government publications

Department for Education and Employment (DfEE), (2001) Skills for life: The national strategy for improving adult literacy and numeracy skills, Nottingham: DfEE Publications.

Conference papers

Hart, G., Albrecht, M., Bull, R. and Marshall, L. (1992) ‘Peer consultation: A professional development opportunity for nurses employed in rural settings’, Infront Outback – Conference Proceedings, Australian Rural Health Conference, Toowoomba, pp. 143 – 148.

Newspaper articles

Cumming, F. (1999) ‘Tax-free savings push’, Sunday Mail, 4 April, p. 1.

OR, IF THE AUTHOR IS UNKNOWN

‘Tax-free savings push’, Sunday Mail (4 April 2020), p. 3.

Submission Preparation Checklist

As part of the submission process, authors are required to check off their submission's compliance with all of the following items, and submissions may be returned to authors that do not adhere to these guidelines.

1. The submission has not been previously published, nor is it before another journal for consideration (or an explanation has been provided in Comments to the Editor).
2. The submission file is in OpenOffice, Microsoft Word, RTF, or WordPerfect document file format.
3. Where available, URLs for the references have been provided.
4. The text is single-spaced; uses a 12-point font; employs italics, rather than underlining (except with URL addresses); and all illustrations, figures, and tables are placed within the text at the appropriate points, rather than at the end.
5. The text adheres to the stylistic and bibliographic requirements outlined in the Author Guidelines, which is found in About the Journal.
6. If submitting to a peer-reviewed section of the journal, the instructions in Ensuring a Blind Review have been followed.
7. If possible, you have referred to past papers published in IJIB
   

Copyright Notice

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

In submitting the above mentioned manuscript to The Center for Innovations in Business & Management Practice (CIBMP), I certify that I am authorized by all co-authors to enter into the agreement given below. On behalf of myself and my co-authors, I certify that:

Section – I: Integrity and Originality of Manuscript

• The entire manuscript is an original creation of the Author(s), it has not been formally published in any other peer-reviewed or non peer-reviewed journal, it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, it has not been accepted for publication elsewhere, it does not infringe any copyright or any other third party rights, I/We have not assigned, licensed, or otherwise transferred any right or interest in the manuscript to anyone.
• I/we shall produce the data upon which the manuscript is based or any other material related to the contents of the manuscript, for examination by the CIBMP, its editors or assignees should they request it.
• The article contains nothing that is unlawful, libelous, or which would, if published, constitute a breach of contract or of confidence or of commitment given to secrecy;
• I/we have taken due care to ensure the integrity of the article. To my/our - and currently accepted scientific - knowledge all statements contained in it purporting to be facts are true and any formula or instruction contained in the article will not, if followed accurately, cause any injury, illness or damage to the user.

Section – II: Open Access Agreement

I/we agree to the following license agreement:

Anyone is free:

• to copy, distribute, and display the work;
• to make derivative works;
• to make commercial use of the work;

Under the following conditions: Attribution

• the original author must be given credit;
• for any reuse or distribution, it must be made clear to others what that the license terms of this work are;
• any of these conditions can be waived if the authors give permission

Section – III: Rights of Authors and Publishers

As author(s) of article submitted to CIBMP for publication:

• You retain (or your employer retains, if applicable) the copyright to the article you have submitted to CIBMP.
• You are free to place the article wherever you wish, or permit its use by another party, but in all such cases you must ensure that if the article (in whole or in part) is made available other than through CIBMP, CIBMP shall be identified as the original publisher and The Center for Innovations in Business & Management Practice (CIBMP) citation details of the article shall be listed.
• You grant to The Center for Innovations in Business & Management Practice (CIBMP), a non-exclusive license to publish the article. This is a worldwide, irrevocable, royalty-free license to publish the article on-line, in print and in any other format in which it is now or in the future capable of existence and in any language. The article may be published in whole or in part, alone or in combination with other articles.
• You agree that The Center for Innovations in Business & Management Practice (CIBMP) may change the appearance of the article (layout and format) to ensure consistency and readability.
• This Agreement will be valid for The Center for Innovations in Business & Management Practice (CIBMP), its Publishers, owners, licensees, assignees and successors in business.

Section – V: Permission to Reproduce Published Material

• I/We certify that we have not used any previously published text, photos, pictures or any other material in the manuscript

OR

• I/we have obtained permission to reproduce all previously published text, photos, pictures or any other material included in this manuscript. I/we are responsible for paying any fees related to the applications of these permissions. I/we have the original signed permission document, from the copyright holder of the material produced in this manuscript and if asked for, a copy of the signed permission document will be provided to the Editorial Office of The Center for Innovations in Business & Management Practice (CIBMP).

Section – VI: Conflict of Interest

• I/We certify that I/We have no affiliation with or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a direct financial or any other interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript.

Privacy Statement

The names and email addresses entered in this journal site will be used exclusively for the stated purposes of this journal and will not be made available for any other purpose or to any other party.

Author Fees

This journal charges the following author fees.

Fast-Track Review: 450.00 (GBP)
With the payment of this fee, the review, editorial decision, and author notification on this manuscript is guaranteed to take place within 4 weeks.

Article Publication: 300.00 (GBP)
If this paper is accepted for publication, you will be asked to pay an Article Publication Fee to cover publications costs. If you have a coupon code, then you will need to chose Fee Waiver, and make your payment at http://www.cibmp.org/register-for-events/

If you do not have funds to pay such fees, you will have an opportunity to request a fee reduction / waive each fee. We do not want fees to prevent the publication of worthy work.